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B12 Deficiency in Pregnancy

Katt Farrow

What is Vitamin B12 and where does it come from?

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient in humans, is made by bacteria, and is responsible for a myriad of functions within the body. It plays a role in the metabolism of many foods and helps ensure the health of red blood cells and the nervous system.

The bacteria which produce Vitamin B12 can be found in a range of soils, and is produced in the gut of ruminant animals. As these animals produce their own B12 from bacteria inside their gut, B12 is able to accumulate and is, therefore, found primarily in dietary animal products. As a result of current hygiene and sanitisation processes Vitamin B12 is found in inadequate quantities in plant products. 

The body stores B12 in great quantities, mostly in the liver. Despite being stored in high quantities, the kidneys excrete small amounts of the vitamin daily and thus adequate dietary intake is important.

Growlife Medical are experienced in treating B12 Deficiency in pregnancy. Please contact us today for advice.
B12 Deficiency in Pregnancy | Growlife Medical

Who is at risk of becoming B12 deficient?

  • Those following a vegetarian or vegan diet
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women
  • Acquired malabsorption of B12
  • Individuals with Coeliac or Irritable Bowel Disease
  • Chronic use of metformin
  • Bowel or stomach surgery (gastrectomy or ileal resection)
  • History of autoimmune disease or pernicious anaemia
  • Age related malabsorption
  • Individuals with inherited disorders of B12 absorption

What the symptoms of B12 Deficiency in Pregnancy? 

It is quite common to have no symptoms, even if you are B12 deficiency. We tend to recommend checking your B12 if you are in any of the risk categories above. However, if your B12 deficiency is severe, you could experience:
  • Anaemia (Anaemia is much more commonly due to Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy)
  • Swollen, Sore or Inflamed Tongue
  • Fatigue
  • Memory Problems
  • Numbness or Tingling in the Hands or Feet
  • Other unusual neurological symptoms

What are some sources of B12? 

  • Nutritional Yeast
  • Fortified animal product alternatives (e.g. soy milk)
  • Animal products (e.g. beef, eggs, milk)
  • Oral or injected supplementation

If you are concerned that you may be deficient in Vitamin B12 or for more information please consult your doctor to work out the next best steps.

Is Vitamin B12 important in pregnancy?

Due to increased metabolic demands during pregnancy it is easier to become deficient in B12 and this should be monitored throughout pregnancy if you are at risk of B12 deficiency. Deficiencies in B12 during pregnancy can lead to neural tube and brain defects, and supplementation can help prevent spina bifida and nervous system abnormalities. Additionally, B12 can improve energy, mood, and stress levels throughout pregnancy.

Growlife Medical Are Pregnancy Experts

We provide expert community care of pregnancy, with doctors, midwives and dieticians ready to help you through your pregnancy. Please chat to us at Growlife Medical.

We are also Brisbane's leader in Telehealth Consults, Growlife Medical now provides easy and secure Telehealth Consults with your doctor. You can easily book online or over the phone, for a video or phone consult with your GP. All Growlife Medical Doctors in all or our general practice locations are available for Telehealth consults.


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By RJ Miles 23 Oct, 2020
The birth of my son split me in two. It happened gradually, then suddenly. As far as children go, he was dearly wanted and now that he is here, he is dearly loved. I’ll come back to the part about being split in two – because sometimes it’s fitting to take it back to the very beginning. June 2016. I was working in a stressful job. A gay woman stuck in a religious private school. After two years of loyal service, and after witnessing many fellow staff members take leave to undergo fertility treatment, I approached my boss requesting the same. “Sorry, I’ll have to get back to you. No one has done this before.” “Um… what about Selina, and Amanda, and Jade?” “No – I mean, as a gay woman. This will be a precedent.” “Right.” It took her six weeks and in that time, she deliberated with members higher up in the church to vote on what was the best way forward. They even prayed about it, like the God almighty would provide insight on my personal circumstances. “I’m sorry, but the best I can offer you is unpaid leave and you have to take it in term three. The rest of the year is too busy. You also have to apply at least a month in advance.” I looked at her dryly. “Do you know how periods work?” Evidently not. In the months that followed, I timed my IVF appointments cleverly around the school day. My doctor was willing to see me at 5am, which meant I didn’t have to tell my boss. When the big day of egg pick up arrived, I needed the whole day. I rang my boss. “Yeah, I’ve got a migraine. I’ll send my planning in. See you tomorrow.” She suspected nothing. “When you wake up from the egg pick up, the number of eggs will be written on your wrist,” the doctor said. “Now just lay back. Soon, you will fall asleep…” I counted back from ten. When I woke up, there were six circles drawn on my wrist. Six! I was 26 years old and I got a measly six eggs. I was despondent. In the days following, our little future babies were placed in dishes with donor sperm. There, they made the fateful journey to conception. Each day, I called to see how my dish-babies were doing. Six. Five. Four. Three. Two. Two! After all that effort, money, time, stress, and hormones, we got two embryos. One barely made it to freeze and was considered unviable for pregnancy but was placed on ice all the same. “We are not doing part two of this process until you find another job,” my wife, Natalie, had said. It took me over a year, but I finally found another job – in a state school. I loved it. It was inclusive, and I became part of the furniture. I took a paid sick day, and we went back to our clinic. When the day of transfer finally came, I laid back comfortably as my doctor readied his implements. “This is purely diagnostic. It is unlikely to work. Don’t do anything differently, just live your life.” “Okay.” He spread my legs and inserted the syringe. As he did, an entire waterfall of emotion washed over me. I sobbed. It was finally happening. But it might not work! “Are you okay? We’re done here.” “Yes, I’m fine,” I sobbed. He patted my back. “Best of luck!” As we turned and left the clinic, I realised I had a two week wait before me. “Don’t pee on any sticks,” was the advice given to me by a friend. By day four, I caved. I peed on a stick. I sat anxiously on the toilet, tapping the test like I was trying to get ink out of a pen. About five minutes later, a slight line appeared. I kept my obsessive behaviour to myself. I didn’t even tell my wife about that first pee-stick. With every day that passed, I peed on another stick. By the end of the two weeks, I had confessed to my wife and we had a bag full of sticks, each line appearing darker than the last. They clattered in the bag, as we emptied them every day and lined them up like assembly line soldiers. It was amazing, the first signs of the miracle of his conception. My luck seemed to continue after the easy conception. I stayed relatively slim throughout my pregnancy, didn’t have any sickness, and I managed to work until I was 34 weeks along. Sooner or later, though, I knew my luck was going to run out. “What I’d really like to do is give birth in water.” My midwife jotted this down and explained that it may be possible if a bath was available. Perfect! Mere weeks later, the day finally came. I was four days overdue and it was time to see what was going on. The sliding doors at the Royal Brisbane hospital welcomed us. We sauntered down the corridor with giddy excitement. We were welcomed into one of the consulting rooms, where I lay flat on my back, wondering when they would suggest an induction. I had desperately wanted to go into labour spontaneously, but nothing had worked – vigorous sex, running, time in the bath. The midwife poked and prodded my belly. “The baby’s head is displaced, and I think he or she may be quite big. Had they told you that during the ultrasounds?” “Yeah. They said the baby is measuring ahead.” “How would you feel about being induced now?” I paused. “We don’t even have our bag packed.” “That’s okay, we can send your wife home to prepare everything. We can take you up to the ward shortly.” “I see you’ve expressed a desire for a water birth. Because we’re inducing you, that option will no longer be available.” I lay in a ball, awaiting the next step. Any time my stomach hardened with Braxton Hicks, I became excited that this could be it. “Nope, not yet.” The midwife shuffled in and out, checking on me, then going to do her rounds. The Earth inched towards evening as the sky lit up an intense orange, and then darkened; not that I could see it overly well through the hospital shades. As the darkness of night crept in, my labour was induced. My body had let me down – but I was not done. The contractions started and I knew I could do this. I crinkled my nose, proud of myself for how well I was handling the contractions. I laboured on for hours, with cervix dilating on schedule. As I started to become tired from a lack of sleep, the contractions intensified. It was a consequence of the induction hormones and it became unbearable very quickly. Nonetheless, I stayed strong. “Hold onto me.” Natalie said, as I stood in the birthing suite, leaning forwards every time I contracted. Time passed and I waved one midwife off as the next came in and wasted no time checking my cervix. “It’s 8cm. You’ll have a baby in t two hours.” I beamed! It was finally coming together. I continued to feel the tightening of my body with each contraction as they became more frequent. Soon, I felt a sharp, choking feeling around my middle. It knocked the breath out of me. “Is this normal?” “Here do you want some gas?” The midwife passed me the inhaler. I breathed in. “Ugh, it’s not working.” The midwife asked me to spread my legs so she could check my cervix. She looked inside me, then paused. “Your dilation has regressed…” she trailed off and walked out the door to get another midwife. “Hi, I’m Cheryl.” Another midwife walked in, accidentally brushing my forehead with her fingers as she turned around. “Holy smokes, you’re hot!” she exclaimed. She took my temperature. “Forty degrees!” About five minutes later, a doctor arrived. “You have an infection, which is why you have a fever and regressed dilation. Your baby’s head is still displaced. We need to call time on this labour for everybody’s safety.” “Just sign this consent form and we will take you off to the theatre.” I signed rapidly and a midwife came to remove my hormone drip. “Your contractions should stop now.” As soon as she said that, my contractions went from lasting around thirty seconds, to a continuous sensation. “Ahhhh!!! It won’t stop!” I screamed. They started to wheel me down to theatre, ready to prepare me for a caesarean section. When we got there, the doctor started to explain the spinal block. “We’re going to insert some fluid into your spine. Then we’ll put some water on your belly to see if you feel it. Then we’re going to cut just below your bikini line to deliver the baby. Do you want your wife to say if it’s a boy or a girl?” “Oh my God, stop talking!” I writhed in excruciating pain. The contraction that started when they took out the hormone drip hadn’t stopped. The doctor stabbed my spine and I remained curled into a ball with an oxygen mask on. I leaned towards Natalie and the doctor leaned into her ear. “You have to stay strong, for her.” My forehead was sweating and I couldn’t move. “Can you straighten out, please?” The doctor rolled me onto my back and patted just below my bikini line. The nurse poured a few drops of water on the area. “Oh my God, don’t operate!” I yelled. “Okay, we’re going to have to do a general.” The anaesthesiologist leaned in and inserted a needle, which I couldn’t feel above the contractions. It all happened so quickly. This was all completely out of my control now. I had to let go. I inhaled sharply and expressed my only wish. “Don’t tell her the sex of the baby before I wake up!” That was the last thing I remember as the curtain of unconsciousness fell down around me. The next thing I remember is that my eyes were too heavy to open and I felt disconnected from myself, like a butterfly outside of its chrysalis. Was I dead? I opened one eye. I could see the most perfect looking baby on my chest. No blood, no fluid, no bruises. “He’s perfect.” I exclaimed, making an assumption about the sex of my baby before drifting back into the woozy stream of unconsciousness. The next time I woke, someone was holding my baby up in front of my face. They swiftly yanked the nappy down to reveal the sex. “It’s a boy!” We had already named him Soren, for a boy or a girl. It hurt so bad, but I smiled. “Why are you crying?” I looked over at my wife, confused. “It was just a C-section. They do these all the time.” I assured her. “You don’t get it. I almost lost you.” “You lost almost half of the blood in your body. They had to stabilise you. It took a long time. Soren was fine, but you nearly died.” I felt like part of my emotional self was anaesthetised. I could see and hear my own mortality being shared around me, but I couldn’t feel myself hurting. It was completely numbing, as if I’d been sliced through the chest and I was watching my heart exist outside of it weeping and bleeding, but not feeling so much as a twinge. It was almost like my brain was dismembered from my body and I was merely a spectator. The mental impact of his birth raged on and I still feel it today. However, I could not have had my son under any other circumstances. This was his birth. As traumatic and as violent as it was, it brought him to us. Sometimes I still feel split in two, but together, we are family. Felix culpa. Make Sure you vote in the Grow Medical 2020 Essay Competition by going to our Facebook Page , and liking and sharing your favourite Story of Families. If this one is your favourite, tell us why in the comments, and share it by clicking one of the circle icons below. Otherwise, read on with this year's finalists entries...
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